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Zachary Hickes
Zachary Hickes (1739 – 25 May 1771) was a Royal Navy officer, second-in-command on Lieutenant James Cook's first voyage to the Pacific and the first among Cook's crew to sight mainland Australia. A dependable officer who had risen swiftly through the ranks, Hickes conducted liaison and military duties for Cook including command of shore parties in Rio de Janeiro and the kidnapping of a Tahitian chieftain in order to force indigenous assistance in the recovery of deserters. Hickes' quick thinking while in temporary command of ' also saved the lives of Cook, Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander when they were attacked by Māoris in New Zealand in November 1769.
Yet despite his vigorous service Hickes was dogged by ill health, which worsened as the voyage progressed. He died in May 1771 of a consumptive illness likely contracted before sailing from England, and his remains were buried at sea off the Atlantic island of Saint Helena. New Zealand's Hicks Bay and eastern Australia's Point Hicks are named in his honour.
== Early life and naval service ==
Hickes was born in Stepney in 1739.〔Beaglehole 1968, p. cxxx〕 He enlisted or was pressed into military service at Ripon and first appears in navy muster-books as serving as able seaman and master's mate aboard from 1766.〔Beaglehole 1968, p. 591〕 A skilled seaman, he was promoted to midshipman aboard the sloop in August 1767, and to acting lieutenant on the same vessel in March 1768. His officer's commission was formalised on 26 May 1767 with a transfer to James Cook's as second lieutenant and second-in-command. He formally joined the ship on 3 June.〔〔Correspondence, Admiralty to Navy Board, 25 March 1768. Cited in Beaglehole 1968, p. 610〕
As an officer, Hickes was well regarded but not exceptional. Historian J.C. Beaglehole describes him as "a man of ability" but without "the chance to shine ... an invaluable man, probably, on any expedition; but perhaps born to be a lieutenant."〔
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